Mugabe "intends to stay in power until death."

Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe, "intends to stay in power until death." Honestly this is not the best news I've heard all day. Nothing makes my blood boil more than a "democratically" elected leader who has abused Marxist principles and black nationalism, and in turn robbed his people of their infrastructure, property, education, and livelihood.

Where did Mugabe go wrong? How has it gotten to this point?

Is in entirely Mugabe’s fault?

The answer to the last question is simply, no. Though what Mugabe has done to his people has been terrible, the problem lies with the Western sanctions imposed against the country in response to Mugabe’s decision to expel the mainly white, British citizens from their farmland. Zimbabwe, which many once deemed the “breadbasket of Africa,” has almost completely lost its agricultural economy. Because of Zimbabwe's chaotic fast-track land reform program launched in 2000, agricultural land that was then leased around 4,000 previously white-owned commercial farms was nationalized and leased to landless blacks for 99 years. The program was condemned by Western governments for its forced evictions of the white citizens. Trade sanctions were imposed by these same Western governments which slashed the country's foreign exchange earnings and helped trigger the current economic crisis. It is important to remember that these sanctions are what truly sent Zimbabwe into the crisis it is now. Mugabe is responsible in part for what has happened, but if he was to leave office tomorrow things would be the same. Amends must be made in the country for other things…social and economic. I’m convinced that such moves will be taken while Mugabe is in power. I would like to see someone else win the elections in the upcoming week, but I am not optimistic. There is far too much corruption going for the people of Zimbabwe to take full advantage of their democracy. After all, look at what happened during the last elections. Thousands of forged ballots entered into the system. Six hundred thousand ballots were requested for soldiers and police, often the “insiders” of political parties, when in reality that force only adds up to about 50,000. Millions of extra ballots were printed in the country—about 9 million for a nation of 5.7 million registered voters. Suspicious? I am.

At this point, I don’t pretend to know the state of Zimbabwe’s future. All I can do is cross my fingers and hope and pray that democracy will be allowed to take its course in this impoverished country—new leadership isn’t enough. More needs to be done. But what? Black nationalism. Marxism. Socialism. Pan-Africanism…isms, isms, isms. Revolutions. Countless ideas swim around in my head but I cannot see an answer clearly.

People are suffering and dying daily in Zimbabwe…who is listening?

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Mugabe critics predict fraud in Zimbabwe elections

Story Highlights

* Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe, 84, seeks re-election in Saturday vote

* Mugabe faces three challengers -- two of whom have good chance of winning

* Critics predict vote-rigging, say thousands of extra ballots printed

* Nation in financial crisis with 80 percent unemployment, 100,000 percent inflation

(CNN) -- President Robert Mugabe, who has ruled Zimbabwe with an iron fist for nearly three decades, faces his toughest challenge yet in this weekend's general elections.

Voters go to the polls Saturday in simultaneous presidential, parliamentary, senate and council elections. Mugabe, 84, is seeking a sixth consecutive term as president of the southern African nation.

Mugabe faces three opposition candidates, two of whom have a good chance of winning. Mugabe's regime may be on shaky ground amid allegations of corruption and a failing economy.

Zimbabweans are the poorest they have ever been since the nation became a democracy. Unemployment is estimated at around 80 percent, inflation is more than 100,000 percent, and hundreds of thousands are fleeing the country to earn more elsewhere than they would back home.

Mugabe has been in office since the country, then called Rhodesia, gained independence from Britain in 1980. VideoWatch Mugabe on the campaign trail »

He was once respected as a liberation hero, but observers now criticize him for repressive tactics and corruption, and blame him for the country's dire economic state.

The Movement for Democratic Change, or MDC, is the main opposition to Mugabe's ruling Zanu-PF party. But a split in 2006 severely weakened the MDC, and the party's two factions back different candidates.

One faction supports MDC founder Morgan Tsvangirai, who led hotly contested challenges against Mugabe in 2000, 2002 and 2005.

This week, Tsvangirai had to cancel campaign rallies after the Zimbabwean government impounded a helicopter that was to carry him around the country, according to the owner of the copter charter company.

The other MDC faction backs Simba Makoni, Mugabe's former finance minister, who was expelled from the Zanu-PF after announcing his bid to unseat the president.

In what critics labeled a vote-buying exercise, Mugabe recently increased the salaries of the police, army and teachers and also handed out machinery to black farmers. Zimbabwean officials deny the moves had anything to do with the election.

Opposition: Millions of extra ballots printed

The MDC said Sunday it had discovered evidence that Mugabe intends to rig the elections in his favor. VideoWatch evidence of dead voters still on the rolls »

Tendai Biti, the MDC's secretary-general, said that leaked correspondence from Zimbabwe's electoral commission showed it had asked the company printing paper ballots to print 9 million. The country has an electorate of 5.7 million registered voters, Biti said.

Also, Biti said, the commission requested 600,000 postal paper ballots for soldiers and police officers. The number of soldiers and police in Zimbabwe adds up to no more than 50,000, he said.

"Remember, when they stole this election away from us the last time, they stole it with 350,000 votes," Biti said. "Six-hundred thousand is double insurance."

The United States this week warned of a possible unfair election, citing inaccurate voter rolls, the extra ballots for soldiers and police, intimidation of the opposition and the absence of independent observers.

The New York-based Human Rights Watch has warned the elections were likely to be "deeply flawed." It said the electoral commission is partisan toward Zanu-PF and lacks both expertise and resources to run the elections properly.

A Zimbabwean official criticized the report, saying the elections can't be judged beforehand.

The Zimbabwean government this week denied CNN permission to cover the elections. It gave no reason for the decision.

Journalist: Mugabe intends to stay in power till death

The government also has handpicked election observers perceived as sympathetic to the ruling party.

After winning the last elections in 2005, Mugabe said he wanted to stay in power until he was 100 years old. The comment was interpreted as a joke, but many Zimbabweans didn't find it funny.

"What Mugabe says is normally what he intends to do," said Martin Meredith, who spent years covering Africa for British newspapers and has written biographies about Mugabe. "OK, he might not remain alive until 100, but he intends to remain in power until he dies."

Mugabe has been in power for so long that many young Zimbabweans have known no other leader.

After fighting in the civil war against the white Rhodesian government, Mugabe was part of the independence negotiations. He became Zimbabwe's first black prime minister and was lauded as a liberation hero -- someone of fierce intellect who presided over an African success story.

But nearly three decades later, Mugabe has consolidated his rule over all aspects of Zimbabwean life.

Soon after Mugabe came to power, his government launched a campaign to crush opposition in an area called Matabeleland. The massacre and beatings of thousands of civilians was little reported at the time and is still barely condemned.

Farms seized; slums razed

In 2000, Mugabe ordered the controversial seizure of commercially white-owned farms. He gave the land to black Zimbabweans who, he said, were cheated under colonialist rule.

White farmers who defied their eviction notices were jailed.

Five years later, Mugabe launched Operation Clean Out the Trash in which he razed slum areas.

Mugabe's land redistribution policies caused food production and agricultural exports to drop drastically and sent Zimbabwe into an economic freefall. In a country once viewed as southern Africa's breadbasket, it is now difficult to get basic food supplies.

"People are having to go to neighboring countries like South Africa and Botswana to buy flour, sugar,and cooking oil," said journalist Brian Hungwe.

Empty supermarket shelves are a common sight. People dig holes in the ground for filthy, contaminated water and turn to the black market for fuel.

Among the many who have fled Zimbabwe are professionals reduced to a life of odd jobs.

"As long as I'm getting money," said Blessing Tembo, a Zimbabwean engineer who takes whatever work he can find, whether it's cleaning someone's yard or carrying goods.

Tembo spoke from Francistown, Botswana, a border town that has absorbed thousands of Zimbabwean refugees looking for jobs, food and health care.

Nurses in Francistown say so many pregnant Zimbabweans are flooding Botswana that they're delivering more Zimbabwean babies than local ones.

"There are few doctors," Lydia Chishike, a pregnant Zimbabwean, said in Francistown. "Sometimes you go for a checkup, and there will be no doctors. Things are not in good condition there."

Economic solution includes $10 million bill

Zimbabwe has introduced measures to try to stem the country's decline, including the printing of more money in higher denominations. The latest is a $10 million bill.

Strict price controls punish businesses that price goods above levels set by the government, and a new bill forces foreign-owned businesses to give controlling interests in their operations to black Zimbabweans.

Once revered for offering its citizens some of the best education and health care in Africa, Zimbabwe has one of the lowest life expectancies in the world and education is becoming a luxury.

Mugabe denies mismanagement and instead blames economic woes on the West.

"They have even interfered with international organizations of which we are a member -- the World Bank and IMF [International Monetary Fund] -- which cannot extend any facility to Zimbabwe unless America and Britain say so," Mugabe has said.

In a CNN interview in 2000, Mugabe offered insight into his thinking on elections and power.

"When you go to elections it is not necessarily that of including every party in your Cabinet," he said. "You go into elections competing with each and every other group in order to win. Win and govern."

Article can be found here: http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/03/27/zimbabwe.election/

democratic movements as terrorism

The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) is the Zimbabwean political party focused on promoting democracy in a country where it has become very dangerous to associate with politics. Formed as an opposition party to the Zimbabwean African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), which is led by current President Robert Mugabe, the MDC brings together a number of civil society groups. The MDC is now labeled as a terrorist organization by Mugabe's government, political activists are regularly beaten and arrested, and known members of the MDC disappear. The MDC front webpage tells of three recent deaths of people closely affiliated with the MDC. The site notes that this is becoming an all too common.

In a 2000 parlimentary election MDC candidates won overwhelming majorities, but there were calls of unfair elections and the issue remains caught up in Zimbabwe's Supreme Court. The South African Development Community (SADC) and the South African Ministerial Observer team both maintain their positions that the election was free and fair. MDC members say there was harassment and force used by the ZANU-PF government at the polls. In 2004 the MDC split over the decision to take part in the 2005 parlimentary elections because of the "illegitimate outcome" of the last election. The MDC voted to take part in the elections (33-31), but Morgan Tsvangirai voted the decision down saying it was a waste of time. The MDC then split into Tsvangirai's decision supporters and pro-senate members, led by the former MDC deputy. Some say that the split was ethnic based.

There are two main ethnic groups in Zimbabwe, the Shona (75%) and Ndebele (19%). Ndebele was an ethnic category that grew out of the military state created by the British in 1830. The ethnic term of Ndebele encompassed people of many different origins and in fact Shona people lived in this conquered area, but were placed under the Ndebele label. However, the ethnic identifications of and between these two groups were very low and there was no historical enmity between them. In 1896-7 these ethnic groups actually joined in the Ndebele-Shona Chimurenga resistance to the British. Guerilla forces grew and became political parties, but neither was purely ethnic based and recruited across the board. Needless to say the 'ethnic conflict' in Zimbabwe was the least serious of all African ethnic conflicts. The greatest conflict was between Black and White in Zimbabwe. There have been recent talks to reunite the split political parties.

This is the real historical problem that has led to Zimbabwe's current problems. The problem in Zimbabwe can be summed up to a battle between Pan-Africanism and Neo-colonialism. Mugabe has called for White people to leave and so it makes the situation difficult when British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, has said that he is working closely with the MDC to create a regime change. Well there may be a high degree of internal pressure, the external powers cannot be dismissed. In order for the Western powers to achieve the goal of regime change they will use their secret services, CIA, network os military bases, and economic tactics. There is this other side of the argument that says maybe the MDC is not promoting democracy at all and is really a facade for Westerners to experiment in African politics yet again (Zaire's Lumumba?).

Back to democracy, regardless of conspiracies the basics for democarcy do not exist in Zimbabwe. Recently six MDC members were arrested under the "Law and Order Act" for holding illegal political meetings. The 2008 Presidential election is close and the MDC and ZANU-PF are in negotiations. Tsvangirai has said that the MDC wants to participate, but they want to ensure that it is a free and fair election. The MDC wants to participate to create democratic change and not to give legitimacy to a system favoring one side. The MDC is demanding that there be international control of the elections and that millions of Zimbabweans abroad be allowed to vote, a new voters' roll and the appointment of an independent Zimbabwe Election Commission to supervise the polls. South African president, Thabo Mbeki has been chosen by the SADC to mediate the negotiations between the two political parties. There is worry that Mugabe will not comply with demands.

Zimbabwe Timeline from: 1200-2007

From the When not in Africa. . . blog.